GNU/Linux Desktop Survival Guide by Graham Williams
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IP Addresses CIDR Notation

The classless inter-domain routing notation (CIDR) allows IP address ranges to be specified. For example, the address 123.145.167.189/32 refers to that exact IP address whereas 123.145.167.189/31 refers to the IP addresses 123.145.167.189 and 123.145.167.190. The number of addresses is calculated as $2^{32-n}$ where $n$ in the above two examples is 32 and 31 respectively. That is, 1 ($2^0$) and 2 ($2^1$).